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Cyanea spathulata

(Hillebr.) A.Heller (1896)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Asterales Family: Campanulaceae Genus: Cyanea

hāhā [haha]

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Branched shrubs 2–3 m tall.

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades narrowly oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, blades 8–22 cm long, 1–3 cm wide. Apex obtuse to acute. Base attenuate, narrowing into a winged petiole or narrowly cuneate with non–winged petioles. Upper surfaces green, glabrous; lower surfaces pale green, glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Margins minutely callose–crenulate, often revolute. Petioles winged 1.5–3.5(–6) cm long, or non–winged petioles 5.5–12 cm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in inflorescences 8–10–flowered, the rachis condensed or obsolete, peduncles 15–50 mm long, pedicels 8–15 mm long. Flowers bisexual (perfect); hypanthium broadly ellipsoid to broadly obovoid, 2–3 mm long, 1.5–2.5 mm wide. Calyx lobes dentiform, 0.5–1 mm long, apex acute to acuminate. Corolla white or greenish white, sometimes tinged pale purplish, 15–30 mm long, 1.5–3 mm wide, glabrous, the tube suberect, the lobes spreading. Stamens 5, alternate with corolla lobes, connate; staminal column glabrous; anthers glabrous, the lower 2 with apical tufts of white hairs. Ovary inferior, 2-celled; ovule placentation axile; stigma 2-lobed, wet or dry, appressed and nonreceptive as the style grows through the anther tube, pushing out the pollen, after which the stigmas spread apart and become receptive.

Fruit: Berries purple; globose; 5–8 mm wide. Seeds numerous.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Occurring in diverse mesic forest to wet forest; western and south-central Kaua'i.

Elevation Range: 700–1,200 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Minnesota Bot. Stud. 1: 909 (1896)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:465 (K [as C. spathulata subsp. spathulata]); Lammers 1998:33 (Syn. C. s. subsp. spathulata = C. spathulata [with recognition of C. s. subsp. longipetiolata as C. kahiliensis]); Lammers 2004:100 (KEY)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Cyanea spathulata Forest of Kaholuamano Forest Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Kauai BISH 1911-10-01
2 Cyanea spathulata Opaewelu Stream Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 5664 Kauai BISH 1909-09-07
3 Cyanea spathulata Kauai Waimea District. Nuololo, northern branch. Metrosideros-Acacia montane mesic forest with Alphitonia, Planchonella, Xylosma hawaiiensis, Claoxylon, Myrsine lanaiensis, Wikstroemia furcata, Dodonaea, Kadua affinis, Melicope ovata, M. anisata, Chrysodracon aurea, Polyscias kavaiensis, Psy___ Preserved_Specimen Tree, 6 meters tall, moderately branched, with fruit pink-purple. Wood, K.R. 18344 Kauai BISH 2019-12-03
4 Cyanea spathulata Kaholuaumanu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 9008 Kauai BISH 1911-10-01
5 Cyanea spathulata Kaholuamano Preserved_Specimen fruiting Rock, J.F.C. 9008 Kauai BISH 1911-10-01
6 Cyanea spathulata Kalalau Pali Preserved_Specimen 7 ft tall, fls white Forbes, C.N. 1026 Kauai BISH 1917-07-03
7 Cyanea spathulata Waimea Preserved_Specimen Knudsen, V. Kauai BISH
8 Cyanea spathulata Waimea Drainage Basin, W side Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 996 Kauai BISH 1917-07-03
9 Cyanea spathulata Waiakealoha Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 2456 Kauai BISH 1909-03-01
10 Cyanea spathulata Waimea Preserved_Specimen Knudsen 11 Kauai BISH
11 Cyanea spathulata Kaholuamanoa, above Waimea Preserved_Specimen Heller, A.A. 2768 Kauai BISH 1895-09-02
12 Cyanea spathulata Kaholuamanoa Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 343 Kauai BISH 1909-09-01
13 Cyanea spathulata Kaholuamanoa behind Waimea Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 387 Kauai BISH 1909-09-01
14 Cyanea spathulata Kalalau Pali Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1026 Kauai BISH 1917-07-03
15 Cyanea spathulata Kaholuamanoa Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Kauai BISH 1909-09-01
16 Cyanea spathulata Waimea District. Kokee; end of Camp 10 Road, on trail to Circle Bog, but drop down North into tributary of Waiakoali, along steam on bank Metrosideros-Dicranopteris-Cheirodendron Wet Forest Asplenium schizPsychotria, Coprosma, Saddleria, Broussaisia arguta, Elaphoglossum crassicaule, Vaccinium, Cyrtandra, Pittosporum, Platydesma, Peperomia kokeana, Seaginella, Deparia, Dryopteirs, Callis Preserved_Specimen Tree in gulch w/Cyanea fissa. Multi-branching group of about 4. 12 ft tall. Sap white. Fruit purple w/ some orange, seed light brown. Leaf medium green above, yellow-green below w/brn hairs Tangalin, N. 2437 Kauai BISH 2010-12-08
17 Cyanea spathulata Waimea Preserved_Specimen Knudsen, V. Kauai BISH
18 Cyanea spathulata Trail to Kauluwehi swamp Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Kauai BISH 1916-10-01
19 Cyanea spathulata Kahaluamano Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Kauai BISH 1909-03-01
20 Cyanea spathulata Waimea Preserved_Specimen Knudsen, V. Kauai BISH 1870-01-01
21 Cyanea spathulata Waimea Preserved_Specimen Knudsen, V. Kauai BISH
22 Cyanea spathulata Waimea Preserved_Specimen Knudsen, V. Kauai BISH
23 Cyanea spathulata Waimea District. Kohua Ridge, north facing slopes above Mohihi Stream Mestrosideros-Acacia montane mesic forest 80% closed canopy, 10-12 m tall, with Cheirodendron trigynum, Alphitonia ponderosa, Antidesma platyphylla, Euphoriba atrococca, Dodonaea viscosa, Myrsine lanaiensis, Nestegis sandwicensis, Dracaena au Preserved_Specimen tree, 3 m tall, moderately branched, corolla white-green, hypanthium purple, occasional with C. hirtella Wood, K.R. 15080 Kauai BISH 2012-07-11
24 Cyanea spathulata Headwater of N fork Waialua River, just E of Mts Waialeale and Kawaikini Deep valley surrounded by steep waterfall-laced cliffs, low primary vegetation of small, stunted trees 1-2 m tall, numerous pteridophytes and Gunnera over saturated ground Preserved_Specimen Herb 1 m tall w/ 4 lateral branches, latex white; leaves dark green; corolla greenish white, ovary purplish green. Lorence, D.H. 5367 Kauai BISH 1987-07-23
25 Cyanea spathulata Waimea District. Kohua Ridge, north facing slopes above Mohihi Stream Metrosideros-Acacia montane mesic forest 80% closed canopy, 10-12 m tall, with Cheirodendron trigynum, Alphitonia ponderosa, Antidesma platyphylla, Euphorbia atrococca, Dodonaea viscosa, Myrsine lanaiensis, Nestegis sandwicensis, Dracaena au Preserved_Specimen tree, 3 m tall, with flower Wood, K.R. 15074 Kauai BISH 2012-07-11
26 Cyanea spathulata Waimea District. Kokee, End of Camp 10 Road, along Mohihi Stream Metrosideros-Cheirodendron-Dicranopteris Wet Montane Forst Psychotria, Kadu, Bobea, Myrsine, Nestegis, Cyanea spathulata, C. fiss (gayana), Kadua ffinis, Saddleria, Cibotium, Syzgium, Dubautia latifolia Preserved_Specimen 3 ft. tall, White sap, Pea-size dull purple fruit (immature). Leaves slight twisting and undulating. Flower white. Peduncles hanging, light gree. Top of leaf w/raised venation, dark green underside light green w/dk green fine venation Tangalin, N. 3347 Kauai BISH 2011-09-19
27 Cyanea spathulata E rim of Kalalaua Valley Among staghorn Preserved_Specimen Tree, sparingly branched,12 ft. Ovary greenish purple; corolla white w/ green tint. Degener, O. 21468 Kauai BISH 1951-12-27
28 Cyanea spathulata Wainiha, upper NE fork Closed Metrowideros forest, 8-12 m canopy. Understory dominated by Antidesma w/mixed wet associates, Syzygium, Broussaisia, Perrottetia, Cyrtandra spp, Psychotria spp, Dubautia spp, Labordia spp, Coprosma waimeae, Cheirodendron spp, Tetraplasandra Preserved_Specimen Tree 5 m tall, 7 - branched, over stream, peduncle green, hypanthium purple, corolla and style white, uncommon. Wood, K.R. 13276 Kauai BISH 2008-09-12
29 Cyanea spathulata Awaawapuhi Valley Mist drainage on N side of valley, below Honopu trail Diverse mesic forest. Metrosideros-Acacia koa overstory with Dodonaea viscosa, Claoxylon, Coprosma, Cyanea hirtella, Hedychium gardnerianum. Preserved_Specimen Many-branching lobelioid fallen across drainage, 2 m long. Stems dark near apical tips. Lvs. glabrous, dark green. Trauernicht, C. 641 Kauai BISH 2008-12-04
30 Cyanea spathulata Waimea District; Kawaiiki, off Kauakaulu ridge, upper forest and drainage to the south of Koaie and north of Waialae Metrosideros polymorpha meixed mesic forest with Dubautia laevigata, Hedyotis terminalis, Cheirodendron trigynum, Dianella sandwicensis, Poa sandwicensis, Bidens cosmoides, Peperomia membranacea Preserved_Specimen tree, 3-5 meters tall, mutli heads, observed along banks, purple petioles, occaional. Wood, K.R. 9003 Kauai BISH 2001-06-27
31 Cyanea spathulata Waimea District. Waiakoali Along stream in predominately native, mesic to wet forest. W/ Diparia sp., Metrosideros polymorpha, Broussaisia arguta, Cheirodendron spp., Labordia degeneri, Dicranopteris linearis, Diplopterygium pinnatum, Melicope clusiifolia, Hedychium gardnerianum,. Cibot Preserved_Specimen Shrub about 8 feet long with two main branches. Flowers glabrous with white corolla and pink calyx. Walsh, S. 537 Kauai BISH 2017-09-01
32 Cyanea spathulata Makaleha Mtns., N facing claiffs of Kekoiki Peak. Wet Windward cliffs. W/ Metrosideros, Dicranopteris, Diplopterygium, Selaginella arbuscula, Broussaisia arguta, Peperomia, Anoectochilus sandvicensis, Pipturus ruber, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Cyrtandra paliku, Cyanea fissa. Preserved_Specimen Occasional in area. New lvs. Purpe purple, older lvs w/ purple tint below. Iimm peduncles purple. 7 ft tall, 2 stems branching from base. Tangalin, N. 2372 Kauai BISH 2010-07-08
33 Cyanea spathulata Waimea District. Kohua Ridge, north facing slopes above Mohihi Stream Metrosideros-Acacia montane mesic forest 80% closed canopy, 10-12 m tall, with Cheirodendron trigynum, Alphitonia ponderosa, Antidesma platyphylla, Euphorbia atrococca, Dodonaea viscosa, Myrisne lanaiensis, Nestegis sandwicensis, Dracaena au Preserved_Specimen tree, 4 m tall, few branched, occasional with C. hirtella Wood, K.R. 15078 Kauai BISH 2012-07-11
34 Cyanea spathulata Along Nawaimaka Stream, Na Pali-Kona Forest Reserve Disturbed forest of Acacia koa and Metrosideros polymorpha Preserved_Specimen Multi-branched shrub 5 ft tall; sap white; leaves dark glossy green above w/ yellow-green midrib; unopen corolla faintly greenish-white; petals whitish, recurved, staminal column very pale green. Flynn, T.W. 5451 Kauai BISH 1993-09-09
35 Cyanea spathulata Waimea District. Pihea Trail about 1/2 mile from the junction of the crossover to the Kawaikoi trail Moderately wet mesic forest assoc. with Pelea, Smilax, Cheirodendron, Psychotria, Pittosporum, Cyrtandra, etc. Preserved_Specimen Branched shrub to 7 ft.; flowers white. Gustafson, R. 3046 Kauai BISH 1984-07-22
36 Cyanea spathulata Waimea District. Mohihi, slopes and drainage north of Mohihi-Waialae trail. Metrosideros mixed montane wet forest with some steep slopes dominated by matting ferns of Dicranopteris, Diplopterygium, or Sticherus w/ Polysias waialealae, Syzygium sandwicensis, Cheirodendron spp, Dodonaea viscosa, Santalum pyrularium, Psychotria mariniana, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Labordia degeneri, Melicope clusiifolia, M. an Preserved_Specimen tree, 3.5 m tall, multi-branched, corolla white, occasional. Wood, K.R. 18228 Kauai BISH 2019-07-19
37 Cyanea spathulata Waimea, below Mohihi-Waialae trail, headwaters of Mohihi stream Metrosideros mixed montane wet forest and riparian vegetation with some steep slopes dominated by matting ferns of Dicranopteris, Diplopterygium, or Sticherus w/ Polyscias waialealae, Syzygium sandwicensis, Cheirodendron spp., Dodonaea viscosa, Santalum pyrularium, Psychotria mariniana, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Melicope clusiifolia, M. anisata, M. spathulat... Preserved_Specimen Tree, 3 m tall, multi-head, immature fruit purple, occasional K.R. Wood 19627 Kauai BISH 2024-09-26
38 Cyanea spathulata Awaawapuhi Valley. Below Honopu trail Moist drainage on N side of valley. Diverse mesic forest. Metrosideros-Acacia koa overstory with Dodonaea viscosa, Claoxylon, Coprosma, Cyanea hirtella, Hedychium gardnerianum. Preserved_Specimen Many-branching lobelioid sprawling across drainage, 3 m long. Stems dark near apical tips. Lvs glabrous, dark green. Seed accessioned with Living Collections (acc # 081103) Trauernicht, C. 642 Kauai BISH 2008-12-04
39 Cyanea spathulata Found with Syzygium sandwicensis, Kadua affinis, Pittosporum gayanum, P. glabrum, Ilex anomala, Melicope anisata, M. clusiifolia, Myrsine dentata, M. Punctata, Psychotria hexandra, P. mariniana, P. greenwel. Preserved_Specimen tree, many branched, corolla white or white-green, hypanthium purple, occasional Wood, K.R. 15221 Kauai BISH 2012-09-14
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